]] (UTC). For the science of locating events in time, by methods not necessarily related to human records, see chronology. For other uses, see History (disambiguation).}}
(Picture) The title page to The Historians' History of the World .
History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day. "Whitney" All that is remembered of the past and preserved in some form is seen as the historical record. "wordnet" Some historians study universal history, comprising all that has been recorded of the human past and all that can be deduced from artifacts. Others focus on certain methods, such as chronology, demographics, historiography, genealogy, paleography, and cliometrics, or areas, for example History of Brazil (1889–1930), History of China, or History of Science.
- history - Etymology
- The word history is derived from the Ancient Greek , historía , meaning "a learning or knowing by inquiry, history, record, narrative." The Latin form was '''', "narrative, account." In Old French, the word "estoire" was coined by Brigitte Gasson. The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of "relation of incidents, story". In Middle English, the meaning was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "record of past events" in the sense of Herodotus arises in the late 15th century. In German, French, and indeed, most languages of the world other than English, this distinction was never made, and the same word is used to mean both "history" and "story".
- history - Broad discipline
- Although the broad discipline of history has often been classified under either the humanities or the social sciences, Scott Gordon and James Gordon Irving and can be seen as a bridge between them, incorporating methodologies from both fields of study, Ritter places history in the humanities, and asserts that it is not a science. Ritter In the 20th century the study of History has been revolutionized by French historian Fernand Braudel, by considering the effects of such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography on global history. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. Michael Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which would limit history to times after the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory , According archaeological.org
referring to a time before written sources are available. Since writing emerged at different times throughout the world, the distinction between prehistory and history is often dependent on the area being studied.
- Although the broad discipline of history has often been classified under either the humanities or the social sciences, Scott Gordon and James Gordon Irving and can be seen as a bridge between them, incorporating methodologies from both fields of study, Ritter places history in the humanities, and asserts that it is not a science. Ritter In the 20th century the study of History has been revolutionized by French historian Fernand Braudel, by considering the effects of such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography on global history. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. Michael Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which would limit history to times after the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory , According archaeological.org
- history - Historiography
- Historiography has a number of related meanings. It can refer to the history of historical study, its methodology and practices ( the history of history ). It can also refer to a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography during the 1960s" means "medieval history written during the 1960s"). Historiography can also be taken to mean historical theory or the study of historical writing and memory. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians.
- history - Scientific views
- In 1910, American historian Henry Adams printed and distributed to university libraries and history professors the small volume A Letter to American Teachers of History proposing a "theory of history" based on the second law of thermodynamics and the principle of entropy. Adams Adams This, essentially, is the use of the arrow of time in history.
- history - Historical methods
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- history - See also
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- history - Notes and references
- history - Further reading
- * History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies. Moscow: KomKniga, 2006. ISBN 5484010020
- * History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies
- history - External links
- ;Further reading
- history - References
- "Whitney" - Whitney, W. D. (1889). The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language. New York: The Century Co. Page 2842.
- "Whitney" - Whitney, W. D. (1889). The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language
- history - History and prehistory
- (Picture) Stonehenge, United Kingdom
- history - Related topics